葫芦茶Tadehagi triquetrum
学名(Scientific Name):Tadehagi triquetrum (Linn.) Ohashi
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):牛虫草
异名(Synonym):Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. Hedysarum triquetrum L. Pteroloma triquetrum (L.) Desv. ex Benth. Meibomia triquetra (L.) Kuntze
科属(Family & Genus):蝶形花科,Fabaceae,葫芦茶属
形态特征(Description):灌木或亚灌木,茎直立,高1-2米。幼枝三棱形,棱上被疏短硬毛,老时渐变无。叶仅具单小叶;托叶披针形,长1.3-2厘米,有条纹;叶柄长1-3厘米,两侧有宽翅,翅宽4-8毫米,与叶同质;小叶纸质,狭披针形至卵状披针形,长5.8-13厘米,宽1.1-3.5厘米,先端急尖,基部圆形或浅心形,上面无毛,下面中脉或侧脉疏被短柔毛,侧脉每边8-14条,不达叶缘,叶下面网脉明显。总状花序顶生和腋生,长15-30厘米,被贴伏丝状毛和小钩状毛;花2-3朵簇生于每节上;苞片钻形或狭三角形,长5-10毫米;花梗开花时长2-6毫米,结果时延长到5-8毫米,被小钩状毛和丝状毛;花萼宽钟形,长约3毫米,萼筒长1.5毫米,上部裂片三角形,先端微2裂或有时全缘,侧裂片披针形,下部裂片线形;花冠淡紫色或蓝紫色,长5-6毫米,伸出萼外,旗瓣近圆形,先端凹入,翼瓣倒卵形,基部具耳,龙骨瓣镰刀形,弯曲,瓣柄与瓣片近等长;雄蕊二体;子房被毛,有5-8胚珠,花柱无毛。荚果长2-5厘米,宽5毫米,全部密被黄色或白色糙伏毛,无网脉,腹缝线直,背缝线稍缢缩,有荚节5-8,荚节近方形;种子宽椭圆形或椭圆形,长2-3毫米,宽1.5-2.5毫米.花期6-10月,果期10-12月。
分布(Distribution):产福建、江西、广东、海南、广西、贵州及云南。生于海拔1400米以下荒地或山地林缘,路旁。东南亚、太平洋群岛、新喀里多尼亚和澳大利亚北部也有。
用途(Use):全株供药用,能清热解毒、健脾消食和利尿。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 10 Page 285
Tadehagi triquetrum (Linnaeus) H. Ohashi, Ginkgoana. 1: 290. 1973.
葫芦茶 hu lu cha | Fabaceae | Tadehagi
Hedysarum triquetrum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 746. 1753; Desmodium acrocarpum Hance; D. triquetrum (Linnaeus) Candolle; Pteroloma triquetrum (Linnaeus) Desvaux ex Bentham.
Shrubs or subshrubs. Stem erect, 1-2 m tall. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 1-3 cm, wing 4-8 mm wide; blade narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5.8-13 × 1.1-3.5 cm, usually more than 3 × as long as wide, abaxially pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or shallowly cordate, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences 15-30 cm, 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2-6 mm, with spreading, minute, hooked and silky hairs. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 3 mm. Corolla pink to bluish or reddish purple, 5-6 mm; standard nearly orbicular, emarginate at apex; wings obovate, auriculate, clawed; keel arcuate, auriculate, clawed. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary densely puberulent except at upper part of style. Legume 5-8-jointed; articles not reticulate veined, densely yellowish or whitish strigose. Seed transversely broadly elliptic or elliptic, 2-3 × 1.5-2.5 mm. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec. 2n = 22.
Wastelands, forest margins, roadsides; below 1400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; ?N Australia, Pacific islands].
The whole plant is used medicinally as an antipyretic, as a diuretic, for invigorating the spleen, and for promoting digestion.
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